Gauge Field Theory of Horizontal Symmetry Generated by a Central Extension of the Pauli Algebra

The standard model of particle physics is generalized so as to be furnished with a horizontal symmetry generated by an intermediary algebra between simple Lie algebras $\mathfrak{su}(2)$ and $\mathfrak{su}(3)$. Above a certain high energy scale $\breve{\Lambda}$, the horizontal gauge symmetry is postulated to hold so that the basic fermions, quarks and leptons, form its fundamental triplets, and a triplet and singlet of the horizontal gauge fields distinguish generational degrees of freedom. A horizontal scalar triplet is introduced to make the gauge fields super-massive by breaking the horizontal symmetry at $\breve{\Lambda}$. From this scalar triplet, there emerge real scalar fields which do not interact with fermions except for neutrino species and may give substantial influence on evolution of the universe. Another horizontal scalar triplet which breaks the electroweak symmetry at a low energy scale $\Lambda\simeq 2\times 10^2$GeV reproduces all of the results of the Weinberg-Salam theory, produces hierarchical mass matrices with less numbers of unknown parameters in a unified way and predicts six massive scalar particles, some of which might be observed by the future LHC experiment.Comment: 23 pages, no figur

Unified theory for external and internal attributes and symmetries of fundamental fermions

An unorthodox unified theory is developed to describe external and internal attributes and symmetries of fundamental fermions, quarks and leptons. Basic ingredients of the theory are an algebra which consists of all the triple-direct-products of Dirac gamma-matrices and a triple-spinor-field, called a triplet field, defined on the algebra. The algebra possesses three commutative sub-algebras which describe, respectively, the external space-time symmetry, the family structure and the internal color symmetry of quarks and leptons. The triplet field includes threefold (fourfold) repetitionary modes of spin 1/2 component fields with SU(3) (SU(4)) color symmetry. It is possible to qualify the Yukawa interaction and to make a new interpretation of its coupling constants naturally in an intrinsic mechanism of the triplet field formalism. The Dirac mass matrices with quasi-democratic structure are derived as an illustration

Dirac Mass Matrices in Gauge Field Theory of Horizontal Symmetry

We investigate Dirac mass matrices derived in the gauge field theory of a horizontal symmetry generated by a central extension of the Pauli algebra. Through numerical analyses of the observed data of the charged fermion masses and the flavor mixing matrix of quarks, values of free parameters in the mass matrices are determined and several empirical relations are found among the Yukawa coupling constants. As one specific feature of the theory, we find different orderings in squared mass eigenvalues for the up and down quark sectors.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figur

A Phenomenological Formula for KM Matrix

We propose a phenomenological formula relating the Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix $V_{KM}$ and quark masses in a form $(m_d,\ m_s,\ m_b)\propto (m_u,\ m_c,\ m_t)V_{KM}$. The formula agrees with experimental data well and has an interesting geometric picture. The origin of such a formula is discussed in the standard model.Comment: 9 pages, LaTeX, no figure

Renormalization Group Effects on the Mass Relation Predicted by the Standard Model with Generalized Covariant Derivatives

Renormalization group analysis is made on the relation $m_{\rm H} \simeq \sqrt{2}m_t$ for masses of the top quark and the Higgs boson, which is predicted by the standard model based on generalized covariant derivatives with gauge and Higgs fields. This relation is a low energy manifestation of a tree level constraint which holds among the quartic Higgs self-coupling constant and the Yukawa coupling constants at a certain high energy scale $\mu_0$. With the renormalization group equation at one-loop level, the evolution of the constraint is calculated from $\mu_0$ down to the low energy region around the observed top quark mass. The result of analysis shows that the Higgs boson mass is in $m_t \lesssim m_{\rm H} \lesssim \sqrt{2}m_t$ for a wide range of the energy scale $\mu_0 \gtrsim m_t$ and it approaches to 177 GeV ($\approx m_t$) for large values of $\mu_0$.Comment: 13 pages, LaTeX, no figure

Universal Seesaw Mechanism with Universal Strength for Yukawa Couplings

Hypotheses of the universal seesaw mechanism and the {\it universal strength for Yukawa couplings} are applied to explain one possible origin of quasi-democratic mass matrices of a special type in a left-right symmetric model with the gauge group $SU(3)_c\times SU(2)_L\times SU(2)_R\times U(1)$. Two kinds of Higgs doublets are postulated to mediate scalar interactions between the $i$-th generation of light fermion doublets and the $j$-th generation of heavy fermion singlets with relative Yukawa coupling constants of the exponential form $e^{i\phi_{ij}}$, where $\phi_{ij}$ are real phase constants. The lowest seesaw approximation results effectively in self-adjoint mass matrices which are quasi-democratic and have the same diagonal elements. A set of values for the parameters $\phi_{ij}$ is found which reproduces the present experimental data for the absolute values of the CKM matrix elements, the Jarlskog parameter and the Wolfenstein parameters.Comment: Latex, 16 pages, no figure